RIBADENEIRA, Pedro de.

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Tratado de la tribulacion, repartido en dos libros. First edition of a work on the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Ribadeneira (1527-1611), a member of a noble Castilian family, studied at the universities of Paris, Louvain, and Padua, before becoming a leading diplomat and administrator within the Jesuit order, and St Ignatius Loyola's first biographer. Here he justifies the intended invasion and looks for theological and moral reasons to help explain the Spanish defeat. Ribadeneira was well informed on English matters. He had been in London from 1558 to 1559, hoping to found a Jesuit mission there, a hope quashed by Mary's death. His Historia ecclesiastica del scisma del reyno de Inglaterra (Emberes, 1594) was a continuation, covering the years 1588-93, of Nicholas Sander's history of the "English Schism".

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