TURING, Alan, & Max Newman.

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A Formal Theorem in Church's Theory of Types. First edition, offprint issue, Alan Turing's copy, presented by his mother to his close friend and colleague Norman Routledge after her son's death. During his limited free time at Bletchley Park, Turing studied mathematical logic and corresponded on the topic with Max Newman, then still at Cambridge. The resulting co-authored paper extended and simplified Alonzo Church's work.When Turing's library was dispersed following his death, his mother Sara sent 13 different offprints of his articles to Routledge, including the present. Their presentation testifies to the close relationship that Routledge had with both mother and son. In a letter dated 16 May 1956, Sara wrote "I am very glad you should have the off-prints & hope they will be useful". Like Turing, Routledge was a mathematical fellow at King's College, Cambridge. Turing's letters to Routledge are among his most candid, particularly about his sexuality, which he knew Routledge would understand - Routledge himself later lived openly as a gay man. In a 1952 letter, Turing addressed to Routledge his now-famous syllogism: "Turing believes machines think / Turing lies with men / Therefore machines do not think / Yours in distress, Alan" (Hodges, p. xxx).Turing and Newman (1897-1984) first met in mid-1930s Cambridge, when Turing attended the lectures of Newman's Foundation of Mathematics course. Turing's seminal 1936 On Computable Numbers began as a paper on the Entscheidungsproble

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