CHISHOLM, Grace.

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Algebraisch-gruppentheoretische Untersuchungen zur sphärischen Trigonometrie. First edition of the mathematician Chisholm Young's PhD thesis on the algebraic groups of spherical trigonometry. She was the first woman to receive a doctorate in any field from a German university, Germany being the leading country for creative mathematics at the time.In 1889 Grace Chisholm Young entered Girton College, Cambridge where she became the Sir Francis Goldschmid Scholar of mathematics, graduating with the equivalent of first-class honours. "In response to a challenge, she took the Oxford examination unofficially and obtained the highest mark for all students at Oxford that year" (Wiegand, p. 40), thus becoming the "first person, man or woman, to obtain a First in any subject at both Oxford and Cambridge" (Rothman, p. 91). Aware of the lack of funding for female scholars in Britain, she enrolled in a newly launched programme of higher education for women conducted at Göttingen under Felix Klein, the director of the mathematics faculty. Two years later she was the first to complete the programme. Chisholm Young sent copies of her PhD thesis to friends and acquaintances including William Henry Young, a former Cambridge mathematics tutor. The two married a year later and went on to collaborate on their research. Between them, they produced 214 academic papers, mainly published in his name, and four books, including The Theory of Sets of Points (1906), the first textbook on the subject in En

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