PAVLOV, Ivan Petrovich.

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Lektsii o rabote glavnykh pischevaritel'nykh zhelez. Second and expanded edition, presentation copy, inscribed by the author in Russian on the title page, "To my deeply respected comrade Vladimir Andreevich Oppel, from the author, who is much obliged and wishes him good health" (our translation). These lectures on the principle digestive glands remain the greatest single contribution to the physiology of digestion.Oppel (1872-1932) was an eminent Russian surgeon and pioneer of battlefield medicine. He established systems of surgical care in combat zones and stressed the importance of immediate treatment at the scene. His acquaintance with Pavlov (1849-1936) stemmed from the Military Medical Academy in St Petersburg, where Pavlov was chair of hysiology and Oppel was head of the surgical pathology department. Oppel went on to found the first Russian War Surgery Department and Clinic in 1931, based at the academy.These lectures were a significant contribution to Pavlov's 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. They were delivered in 1896 in St Petersburg and published the following year. Pavlov's earliest experiments involved the reflex action induced in dogs from the sight and smell of food, but his later experiments tackled the far more complicated process involved in stimuli other than food, such as the rattle of a familiar platter. "From a series of experiments increasingly detailed, and a tabulation of results increasingly exact, he found that virtually any natural phen

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